Latin+American+Economies+and+World+Markets,+1820-1870+(pp+598-601)

I. Latin American Economies and World Markets (1820-1870) -a. Support for Latin America? --i. Spain and Portugal tried to re-colonize Latin America. ---1. United States opposes re-colonization a. **Monroe Doctrine** : any attempt by a European power to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States. ---2. Britain also supported Latin American sovereignty. --ii. Foreign Trade. ---1. Complete post-revolution havoc. a. Britain helps Latin America. -i. Buys crops from them. -ii. Sells manufactured goods to them. -iii. Brazil was the main buyer and seller. b. Latin American governments turn to foreign governments for loans. --iii. Latin America becomes increasingly dependent on foreign markets and imports. -b. Mid-Century Stagnation --i. Post-Revolution Havoc ---1. Wars had destroyed industries, road, and land was base of money. ---2. Though still a colony, Cuba flourished more than other Latin American countries. ---3. European Demand a. More economy in Europe, more demand. More demand, more money for Latin America. b. Peru exploited enormous **guano** deposits -i. Bird-droppings that were used as fertilizers. ---4. Cities grow. a. Steamships and Railroads as modes of transportation. --ii. Conservatives vs. Liberals ---1. American Indians sided with the rich people because they wanted to avoid the reforms of the liberals. a. There was an alliance between landowners and Indians. b. The rich people, the conservatives, spoke for the peasantry. ---2. Liberals, middle class, were urban modernizers. -c. Economic Resurgence and Liberal Politics --i. Liberals return to power ---1. Ideologies based on liberal policies. a. **Positivism:** -i. Stressed observation and a scientific approach to problems of society. -ii. Created by French philosopher **Auguste Comte.** -iii. Latin American politicians and intellectuals followed this ideology. ---2. 2nd Industrial Revolution a. Created new demands b. Population doubled 43% c. Desire to participate in Western economy. ---3. “New Leaderships” a. Politicians who matured post-independence. -i. Believed in progress and competition b. Secular. c. Applied foreign models to their countries and defined their peoples as non-civilized. ---4. Costly Economies. a. Peasant lands were expropriated in Chile b. Small farmers were displaced in Brazil and Costa Rica. c. Church lands were seized in Mexico  --- -d. European immigrants went to Argentina and Brazil.

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What is one of the reasons why Spain decided to stand back from re-colonizing Latin America.
 * 1) After their independence, the American government had built strong armies
 * 2) Napoleon’s rule over Spain had not yet ended.
 * 3) The United States was colonizing Latin America.
 * 4) **The United States did not agree.**
 * 5) China could get angry from an obstruction of trade with Latin America.

. With which other theory could Auguste Comte’s **positivism** best be associated with? a. Heliocentricity b**.** **Empiricism** c. “Laissez Faire” d. Mimicry e. Environmentalist fortification